A computer numerical control (CNC) milling machine is a versatile tool that uses computer code to understand where to make cuts. Like all milling machines, a CNC mill produces a final piece by carving away from a block of material rather than adding layers of material to a blank slate.
CNC machining has revolutionized and completely transformed the manufacturing industry. The concept of Numerical Control (NC) took shape in 1949 when John T. Parsons, an early computing pioneer, developed it during an Air Force research project at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The project aimed to create motorized axes for manufacturing helicopter blades and aircraft skins.
In 1952, in collaboration with MIT, Richard Kegg introduced the Cincinnati Hydro-Tel, a vertical-spindle contour milling machine. It was commercially launched with a patent for a “Motor Controlled Apparatus with Positioning Machine Tool.” The initial prototype used eight-column paper tape, a tape reader, and a vacuum-tube electronic control system, setting the stage for future advancements.
The twenty-first century brought further advancements in CNC technology. Machining centers, lathes, and other CNC machines became increasingly integrated with robotic systems for enhanced automation. This integration allowed for lights-out manufacturing, where machines could run unattended for extended periods, increasing productivity and reducing labor costs.
CNC milling has continued to evolve and transform the manufacturing industry. Here’s a brief look into it and how we use this technology at Piney Hollow Wood Craft.
How Does a CNC Milling Machine Work?
The CNC machine was created to allow for machining complex shapes that could not be manufactured with traditional manual milling techniques. CNC machining enables mathematically developed profiles to create complex non-linear curves, something not possible to accomplish with manual machining.
The unique versatility of CNC milling machines is a key aspect that sets them apart. They can effectively cut a wide range of materials, including aluminum, bronze, copper, ceramics, plywood, steel, stone, wood, zinc, and other engineering materials. This adaptability makes them an invaluable tool for creating prototypes in product development.
The operation of a CNC milling machine follows a systematic four-step process, ensuring precision and efficiency. This process involves creating a model using a design program, converting the model into digital instructions (G-code), setting up the CNC milling machine, and performing the actual milling process.
- Step 1: Machinists use a design program to create a model.
- Step 2: The model is converted to digital instructions that tell the CNC machine what to do—G-code. G-code commands identify where to move and how fast to do it.
- Step 3: Next, the CNC milling machine is set up, and the material is attached and properly aligned.
- Step 4: The CNC milling process begins!
During the CNC milling, specialized cutting tools rotate at high speed or a fixed revolution per minute to subtract material to achieve the desired results.
What Industries Use CNC Milling Machines?
The incorporation of advanced robotics systems has led to a significant increase in productivity and a reduction in labor requirements, inspiring a new era of manufacturing.
Almost every industry makes use of CNC machining in some form. These industries rely heavily on CNC-machined parts:
- Aerospace & Defense
- Automotive
- Construction Equipment
- Industrial
- Medical
- Power & Energy
How does Piney Hollow Wood Craft use CNC Milling?
CNC milling machines are more commonly used for materials like steel. Piney Hollow Wood Craft is one of the only CNC mills focused on manufacturing hardwood products.
At Piney Hollow Wood Craft, we use the X-CARVE Pro by Inventibles for our CNC milling.
- The feed rate is 120 inches per minute
- The plunge rate is 40 inches per minute
- Spindles are 18,000 rpms
- 3-basic movements: X, Y, and Z
Future Focused
My journey with CNC milling began at 17 when I worked in a machine shop. From running a saw to operating a CNC-controlled lathe, I’ve seen the evolution of this technology. Today, I'm proud to see how it’s come to fruition with Piney Hollow Wood Craft, a testament to the endless possibilities of CNC milling.
Piney Hollow Wood Craft remains future-focused. Unfortunately, manufacturing jobs are often unionized. With unions in place, workers aren’t always allowed to grow their careers based on merit. We’re aiming to change that and look forward to the day we can provide blue-collar jobs at union rates without a union.
Every purchase of a Piney Hollow Wood Craft product supports this mission. Click here to see our complete product lineup.